Newsletter with articles on current research finds, industry news, job listings and event schedules. Includes sign up form and information about the company. Dance Moms Cheryl Burke On Claims That Abby Lee Miller Is Talking Trash About Her In Prison Tom Petty Honored By Jason Aldean Keith Urban At 2017 CMT Artists Of. Inside Social. The biggest and latest apps and platforms, plus trends and insights on the biggest online discussions. American Revolutionary War Wikipedia. This article is about military actions only. For political and social developments, including the origins and aftermath of the war, see American Revolution. Season 4 Bates Motel Hulu more. American Revolutionary War. Clockwise Surrender of Lord Cornwallis after the Siege of Yorktown, Battle of Trenton, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Guilford Court House. Date. April 1. 9, 1. September 3, 1. 78. Ratification effective May 1. Location. Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent,1. Central America, Europe,1. Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. Result. American Allied victory Territorialchanges. Belligerents. Thirteen Coloniesbefore 1. United Statesafter 1. Vermont Republic1French Empire23Spanish Empire4Co belligerents Dutch Republic5Mysore6British Empire. Hanover89German mercenaries Hesse Kassel. Hesse Hanau. Waldeck. Brunswick. Ansbach. Anhalt Zerbst. Commanders and leaders. George Washington. Thomas Chittenden. Louis XVICharles IIIWilliam VHyder AliTipu Sultanfull list. George IIILord North. Lord George Germainfull list. Strength. United States Army Militia 4. Navy 5,0. 00 sailors peak 1. State Navies 1. 06 ships total served1. Privateers 5. 5,0. Allies Army 6. 3,0. French and Spanish Gibraltar2. Navy 1. 46 ships of the line 1. Native American Allies Unknown. Great Britain Army 4. America peak2. 31. Watch American Drug War The Last White Hope Download SongsGibraltar2. Navy 9. Loyalists 2. Hanoverians 2,3. German mercenaries 2. Click to go to the item or just scroll down Latin American Countries Moving Toward Drug Legalization Peru Sees Spike in Drug Traffic Colombian President Embarks on. Watch American Drug War: The Last White Hope Download' title='Watch American Drug War: The Last White Hope Download' />Native American Allies 1. Casualties and losses. United States 2. France at least 7,0. United States3. Spain 5,0. Netherlands 5. 00 killed3. Total 3. 7,0. 008. Great Britain Army 4. Navy 1,2. 43 killed in battle. Germans 7,7. 74 total dead. Loyalists 7,0. 00 total dead. Total 7. 8,2. 00 soldiers dead. The American Revolutionary War 1. American War of Independence,4. Great Britain and her Thirteen Colonies, which declared independence as the United States of America. N 1After 1. Great Britain and its colonies. Following the Stamp Act, Patriot protests against taxation without representation escalated into boycotts, which culminated in the Sons of Libertydestroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord in April 1. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1. Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British decisively failed. On July 2, 1. 77. Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1. 77. 7, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate New England. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1. Burgoynes defeat had drastic consequences France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1. Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1. 78. 0, the Kingdom of Mysoreattacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a Southern strategy led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at Kings Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1. 78. 2, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1. Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,4. France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1. Background. Early seeds. In 1. 65. 1, the Parliament of England sought to regulate trade in America by passing the Navigation Acts, ensuring that trade only enriched Britain. The economic effects were minimal,4. The American colonists had fought King Philips War without significant assistance from the Crown, and this contributed to a growing sense of American identity separate from that of Britain. Britain continued to assert control into the 1. Dominion of New England in 1. Colonists, however, felt that the Dominion was undermining their democratic liberty5. Crown made no attempt to restore it. The British government continued to pursue trade control, however, passing acts that taxed wool,6. The Molasses Act of 1. The taxes severely damaged the local economy, and consequently they were rarely paid. Smuggling, bribery, piracy, and intimidation of customs officials became commonplace. Colonial wars were also a contributing factor. The return of Louisbourg to France in 1. War of the Austrian Succession caused considerable resentment in New England, the colonists having expended great effort in subduing the fortress only to have it returned to their erstwhile enemy. Taxation disputes. Britain triumphed over France and Spain in the Seven Years War, but this led to a financial crisis, as the national debt had doubled to 1. British civil and military establishment in America had quintupled when compared to 1. Smuggling had been tacitly accepted, but now the British began to consider that it blunted their revenue, so Whitehall decided to ensure that customs duties were unavoidable6. Stamp Act in 1. 76. Colonists condemned the tax because their rights as Englishmen protected them from being taxed by a Parliament in which they had no elected representatives. Parliament argued that the colonies were represented virtually, an idea that was criticized throughout the Empire. Parliament did repeal the act in 1. From 1. 76. 7, Parliament began passing legislation to raise revenue for the salaries of civil officials, ensuring their loyalty while inadvertently increasing resentment among the colonists, and opposition soon became widespread. Enforcing the acts proved difficult the seizure of the sloop Liberty on suspicions of smuggling triggered a riot. In response, British troops occupied Boston, and Parliament threatened to extradite colonists to face trial in England. Tensions rose after the murder of a teen by a customs official in 1. British troops fired on civilians in the Boston Massacre. In 1. 77. 2, colonists in Rhode Island boarded and burned a customs schooner. Parliament then repealed all taxes except the one on tea, passing the Tea Act in 1. When It Comes To Illegal Drug Use, White America Does The Crime, Black America Gets The Time. White Americans are more likely than black Americans to have used most kinds of illegal drugs, including cocaine, marijuana and LSD. Yet blacks are far more likely to go to prison for drug offenses. This discrepancy forms the backdrop of a new legislative proposal in California, which aims to reduce the disproportionate incarceration of black people in the state. Supporters of the bill, SB 6. Nearly 2. 0 percent of whites have used cocaine, compared with 1. Latinos, according to a 2. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration the most recent data available. Higher percentages of whites have also tried hallucinogens, marijuana, pain relievers like Oxy. Contin, and stimulants like methamphetamine, according to the survey. Crack is more popular among blacks than whites, but not by much. Still, blacks are arrested for drug possession more than three times as often as whites, according to a 2. Human Rights Watch. Of the 2. 25,2. 42 people who were serving time in state prisons for drug offenses in 2. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Jamie Fellner, author of the Human Rights Watch report, offered an explanation for this discrepancy. The race issue isnt just that the judge is going, Oh, black man, Im gonna sentence you higher, she said. The police go into low income minority neighborhoods and thats where they make most of their drug arrests. If they arrest you, now you have a prior, so if you plead or get arrested again, youre gonna have a higher sentence. Theres a kind of cumulative effect. Lawmakers in California hope to blunt that effect. Last week, both houses of the state legislature passed SB 6. Those offenders could then be sent to substance abuse treatment centers instead of prison or jail. Supporters of the bill, including its author, state Sen. Mark Leno D San Francisco, note that black adults represent one quarter of all felony drug arrests in California, despite comprising just 5 percent of the state population. One can take it to conspiratorial or racist theories or not, Leno told Huff. Post. The motivation I dont think needs to be determined. The results are the same Our policy and lawmaking perpetuate a chronic underclass of citizens. Former prisoners who were convicted of felonies often face steep official barriers to the very things that are needed to keep one successful in recovery, he added namely, education, housing and employment. The federal government can deny public housing assistance to anyone who has been convicted of a felony drug offense. Students who have been convicted of drug possession are barred from receiving federal financial aid and substantial education tax credits. And employers often require applicants to disclose their criminal histories, despite a growing nationwide movement to ban that practice. Not all drug offenses in California automatically result in felony charges. Methamphetamine, LSD and certain other drugs are known as wobblers, meaning that possession of those drugs can be charged as a felony or a misdemeanor. The new bill would basically extend this wobbler approach to heroin, cocaine and most other drugs. Blacks use heroin and cocaine more than they use meth and LSD, which are primarily used by whites. In recent years, states from New York to Texas have adopted reforms that resemble SB 6. In August, Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Justice Department would no longer pursue mandatory minimum sentences for certain low level drug offenders, citing shameful racial disparities in the criminal justice system. Yet some drug reform advocates worry that Gov. Jerry Brown D might not sign the California measure, noting that he has often seemed reluctant to embrace progressive criminal justice policies. Like other reforms aimed at reducing Californias prison population, SB 6. Drug sentencing policies are widely blamed for the enormous size and costs of the countrys prison systems. And few prison systems are bigger or more expensive than Californias. Watch Sky High Putlocker# more. At the height of Americas war on drugs, from the 1. California, compared with just 1. Californias prison population increased more than fivefold in the later decades, and prisons now cost the states taxpayers close to 1.