Slavery - Wikipedia. Whipping scars during a medical examination in 1. Union military camp in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Gordon had escaped from slavery on a Louisiana plantation and gained freedom shortly after reaching the Union camp, later enlisting and serving in the Union Army. Slavery is, in the strictest sense of the term, any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.[1] A slave is unable to withdraw unilaterally from such an arrangement and works without remuneration.

Many scholars now use the term chattel slavery to refer to this specific sense of legalised, de jure slavery. In a broader sense, however, the word slavery may also refer to any situation in which an individual is de facto forced to work against their own will.

Scholars also use the more generic terms such as unfree labour or forced labour to refer to such situations.[2] However, and especially under slavery in broader senses of the word, slaves may have some rights and protections according to laws or customs. Slavery began to exist before written history, in many cultures.[3] A person could become a slave from the time of their birth, capture, or purchase. While slavery was institutionally recognized by most societies, it has now been outlawed in all recognized countries,[4][5] the last being Mauritania in 2. Nevertheless, there are still more slaves today than at any previous point in history,[6] with an estimated 4.

The most common form of the slave trade is now commonly referred to as human trafficking. Chattel slavery is also still practiced by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. In other areas, slavery (or unfree labour) continues through practices such as debt bondage, serfdom, domestic servants kept in captivity, certain adoptions in which children are forced to work as slaves, child soldiers, and forced marriage.[8]Terminology. The English word slave comes from Old Frenchsclave, from the Medieval Latinsclavus, from the Byzantine Greek σκλάβος, which, in turn, comes from the ethnonym Slav, because in some early Medieval wars many Slavs were captured and enslaved.[9][1. Watch TMNT Dailymotion. An older interpretation connected it to the Greek verb skyleúo 'to strip a slain enemy'.[1. There is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as "unfree labourer" or "enslaved person", rather than "slave", should be used when describing the victims of slavery.

• SAVAK (Persian: ساواک, short for سازمان اطلاعات و امنیت کشور Sāzemān-e Ettelā'āt va Amniyat-e Keshvar, literally "Organization of.
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According to those proposing a change in terminology, "slave" perpetuates the crime of slavery in language, by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of, according to Andi Cumbo- Floyd, "carry[ing] them forward as people, not the property that they were". Other historians prefer "slave" because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with "person" implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow for.[1. Types. Chattel slavery. New Orleans. "Valuable Gang of Young Negroes", 1. March 1. 84. 0 at Banks' Arcade. Chattel slavery, also called traditional slavery, is so named because people are treated as the chattel (personal property) of the owner and are bought and sold as commodities.

Typically, under the chattel slave system, slave status was imposed on children of the enslaved at birth.[1. Although it dominated many societies in the past, this form of slavery has been formally abolished and is very rare today.

Even when it can be said to survive, it is not upheld by the legal system of any internationally recognized government.[1. Bonded labour. Indenture, otherwise known as bonded labour or debt bondage, is a form of unfree labour under which a person pledges himself or herself against a loan.[1. The services required to repay the debt, and their duration, may be undefined.[1.

Debt bondage can be passed on from generation to generation, with children required to pay off their progenitors' debt.[1. It is the most widespread form of slavery today.[2] Debt bondage is most prevalent in South Asia.[1. Forced labour. A Chinese Nationalist soldier, age 1. Chinese division from the X, boarding planes in Burma bound for China, May 1. Forced labour, or unfree labour, is sometimes used to refer to when an individual is forced to work against their own will, under threat of violence or other punishment[2] but the generic term unfree labour is also used to describe chattel slavery, as well as any other situation in which a person is obliged to work against their own will and a person's ability to work productively is under the complete control of another person. This may also include institutions not commonly classified as slavery, such as serfdom, conscription and penal labour.

While some unfree labourers, such as serfs, have substantive, de jure legal or traditional rights, they also have no ability to terminate the arrangements under which they work, are frequently subject to forms of coercion, such as threats of violence, and experience restrictions on their activities and movement outside their place of work. Human trafficking primarily involves women and children forced into prostitution[1.

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Thailand, Cambodia, India, Brazil and Mexico having been identified as leading hotspots of commercial sexual exploitation of children.[1. In 2. 00. 7, Human Rights Watch estimated that 2. Forced marriage. A forced marriage may be regarded as a form of slavery by one or more of the parties involved in the marriage, as well as by people observing the marriage. People forced into marriage can be required to engage in sexual activity or to perform domestic duties or other work without any personal control.

After a husband is accused of driving his third wife to suicide, his first wife Hedda, a troubled woman who can't hate or hurt others even if they had wronged her, is. After she's forced to have an abortion, a journalist turns to prostitution in a scheme to seek revenge against the man who wronged her. Watch trailers & learn more.

The customs of bride price and dowry that exist in many parts of the world can lead to buying and selling people into marriage.[2. Mlp Season 1 Episode 19. Forced marriage continues to be practiced in parts of the world including some parts of Asia and Africa.

Forced marriages may also occur in immigrant communities in Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia.[2. Marriage by abduction occurs in many places in the world today, with a national average of 6. Ethiopia being through abduction.[2. The International Labour Organization defines child and forced marriage as forms of modern- day slavery.[2. Dependents. The word "slave" has also been used to refer to a legal state of dependency to somebody else.[2.

In many cases, such as in Persia, the situations and lives of such slaves could be better than those of other common citizens.[3. Contemporary slavery. Modern incidence of slavery, as a percentage of the population, by country. Estimates from the Walk Free Foundation. Estimates by other sources may be higher. Child brickyard labourers in Nepal: Thousands of children work as bonded labourers in Asia, particularly in the Indian subcontinent.[3.

Even though slavery is now outlawed in every country,[3. Several estimates of the number of slaves in the world have been provided.[3. According to a broad definition of slavery used by Kevin Bales of Free the Slaves (FTS), an advocacy group linked with Anti- Slavery International, there were 2. In 2. 00. 5, the International Labour Organization provided an estimate of 1. Siddharth Kara has also provided an estimate of 2. Kara provides a dynamic model to calculate the number of slaves in the world each year, with an estimated 2. According to a 2.

Human Rights Watch, an estimated 1. India work in slavery- like conditions to pay off their family's debts.[3. Distribution. A report by the Walk Free Foundation in 2. India had the highest number of slaves, nearly 1. China (2. 9 million), Pakistan (2. Nigeria, Ethiopia, Russia, Thailand, Democratic Republic of Congo, Myanmar and Bangladesh; while the countries with the highest of proportion of slaves were Mauritania, Haiti, Pakistan, India and Nepal.[4.

In June 2. 01. 3, U. S. State Department released a report on slavery. It placed Russia, China, Uzbekistan in the worst offenders category. Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria, and Zimbabwe were also at the lowest level.

Watch Empire Online - Full Episodes - All Seasons. Forest Whitaker Joins 'Empire' Cast. The Fox network says Oscar- winning actor Forest Whitaker will guest- star in a multi- episode arc on “Empire” this fall. Whitaker will play “Uncle Eddie,” a charismatic music mogul who long ago gave an unknown Lucious Lyon (series star Terrence Howard) his first radio airplay. Now, decades later, Eddie steps up for Lucious at a critical moment during his rehabilitation. A grateful Cookie (Taraji P.

Henson) invites Eddie to produce a song in celebration of Empire Entertainment’s 2. Read the rest of this article at Page Six. Forest Whitaker has appeared in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story and Arrival.'Empire' and 'Star' to Cross Over. It's official: the casts of Empire and Star about to meet. Lee Daniels' two Fox music dramas will officially cross over in a special two- episode event this fall. Fox will use the crossover, in which Star's Carlotta (Queen Latifah) come face- to- face with Empire's Cookie (Taraji P. Henson), Lucious (Terrence Howard) and Jamal Lyon (Jussie Smollett) for the first time, to launch the new seasons of both series.

The crossover is set for Wednesday, Sept. Empire's season four premiere. On the brink of Empire Entertainment’s 2. Lucious is set to make his first public appearance after the explosion in Las Vegas, while all members of the Lyon family, as well as Lucious’ nurse, Claudia (Demi Moore), have their own interests in Lucious regaining his physical and mental faculties. Read the rest of this article at The Hollywood Reporter.

Lee Daniels has also produced Monster's Ball and The Butler. Bryshere Y. Gray Buys His Mom a New House. Bryshere Y. Gray, who plays Hakeem Lyon on the hit Fox show “Empire,” said the upside to fame was having the money to buy his mom a house. The actor, who’s also known as rapper Yazz The Greatest, said, “The best thing that has happened to me was that I bought my mom a house. I had her just go and pick one out . . .

I told her, ‘Don’t go crazy yet, but go get something very nice,’ and she did.”. Read the rest of this article at Page Six.

Bryshere Y. Gray has also appeared in The New Edition Story. Chris Rock Admits to Infidelity. Chris Rock says he thought he could get away with cheating on his now ex- wife, Malaak Compton- Rock, because he was the breadwinner.

The comedian discussed just that and more while talking candidly about his failed marriage in a new interview with Rolling Stone. Getting divorced, you have to f- -king start over," he told the magazine. You get to reset. It's not a breakdown, but something in your life broke down.". And he takes full responsibility for that break. During one of his recent shows on his Alimony Tour, Rolling Stone reports, the actor admitted he was a “piece of s- -t” for cheating on his wife of 1. He now realizes that’s not true.

Read the rest of this article at Us Weekly. Chris Rock has appeared in Grown Ups, Grown Ups 2, Empire, Saturday Night Live, and many other films and TV series.'Empire' Turns in Series- Low Ratings. The long road to the end of the broadcast season is going to generate some bummer headlines for a few TV powerhouses. Empire nabbed another same- day series low on Wednesday, dropping another three- tenths of a ratings point from last week's low.

It averaged a 2. 2 rating among adults 1. And while that was enough to keep it as the night's highest- rated show, it was outwatched by Survivor, Criminal Minds and Chicago P. D. with 6. 3 million viewers. Fox still won the night, with Shots Fired pulling a 0. Empire joins the much more senior Big Bang Theory in its late- season lows. Speaking of series lows, Modern Family logged one as well.

The ABC comedy was also down three- tenths of a point, averaging a 1. Speechless and Black- ish (1.

The Goldbergs was ABC's second- biggest of the night with a 1. Designated Survivor earned a flat 1. Read the rest of this article at The Hollywood Reporter. Just How Sick is Lucious on 'Empire'?

The entire first season of Empire (which seems like decades ago at this point) was centered on Lucious Lyon slowly dying of ALS and having to choose a son to be his successor. But as it turns out, Lucious has myasthenia gravis instead, which is not as severe as ALS, and things are mostly fine. Until now, that is. Will Lucious Lyon die on Empire? Previews for future episodes show him in critical condition.

According to Myasthenia. That explains why doctors thought that Lucious’ muscle weakness was ALS and not MG, but it doesn’t explain (yet, at least) why Lucious is in bed with a breathing apparatus strapped to his face.

My guess is that his MG is acting up, because the myasthenia website lists “difficulty breathing” as one of the common symptoms, along with “weakness in the arms and legs” and “chronic muscle fatigue.” Lucious is in bed, and he can’t breathe, so I’m going to take the medical degree I earned watching every episode of E. Grey’s Anatomy and say this MG could be the case. Call me Dr. Drama, because I’ve seen everything. It could also be lupus, because on House, M. D., lupus was always an option.

Read the rest of this article at Bustle. Rumer Willis Mixes Music, Acting on 'Empire'. When Rumer Willis’ Tory Ash debuted in Empire’s midseason premiere, it didn’t take long for her troubled past to surface.

Introduced as Jamal’s (Jussie Smollett) newest and closest confidant rehab, both Hakeem (Bryshere Y. Gray) and Cookie (Taraji P. Henson) quickly began discussing her Heroin- induced meltdown that led to her stripping naked at Fenway Park before she was later found in a coma in a seedy motel. She was a big star, brilliant too,” Cookie said. But that heroin knocked her ass right out of the sky.”. It’s a story that is unfortunately rings all too familiar in the music business, with heroin overdoses claiming the lives of Dee Dee Ramone, Sid Vicious and Janis Joplin, among many others.

However, Willis says it was a much more recent figure that drew her to the recurring part. I was on tour, and I had a layover day in New York. My agents had reached out to me and said, ‘Hey, there’s this role on Empire to do this Amy Winehouse- type rock star,” Willis tells The Hollywood Reporter. I was like, ‘I don’t need to see anything else.

I’m going in. I don’t care if I’m tired.’”. Watch Green Room Mediafire. Read the rest of this article at The Hollywood Reporter. Empire Music Video: Get Me Right Ft. Nessa. Watch Nessa's performance of "Get Me Right" is interrupted by Hakeem and Tiana. About Show: EMPIRE is a powerful drama about a family dynasty set within the glamorous and sometimes dangerous world of hip- hop music. The show revolves around the Lyon family and their media company, Empire Entertainment.

The founder, LUCIOUS LYON (Terrence Howard), is the king of hip- hop, but his company and reign are constantly threatened by his family, including his ex- wife, COOKIE LYON (Taraji P. Henson); his sons, JAMAL (Jussie Smollett), HAKEEM (Bryshere “Yazz” Gray) and ANDRE (Trai Byers); and a volatile and competitive music industry. TV Ratings: 'Empire' Holds Strong in Return After 'Shots Fired' Premiere.

Fox took home its first nightly victory in a while thanks to the return of "Empire". The series, coming off a three- month hiatus that saw "This Is Us" pass it to become the top drama on broadcast, was unmoved in its midseason opener. It averaged a 2. 8 rating among adults 1. Both of those numbers marked incremental improvement from December. Season to date, Empire has averaged a 4.

Read about the ratings for Survivor, Criminal Minds and more at The Hollywood Reporter.